be indicated on the test report.

 

5.3. Tyres

 

The tyres must be of one of the types specified as
original

equipment by the vehicle manufacturer, inflated to the
pressure

recommended for the test load and speeds (adjusted, where
necessary,

for test-bed operation under test conditions). The  pressures used

must be indicated in the test report.

 

6. MEASUREMENT OF CO2 AND CARBON-RELATED EMISSIONS

 

6.1. Test cycle

 

The test cycle is described in Appendix 1 of Annex III to
Directive

91/441/EEC including both Part One (urban driving) and
Part Two

(extra-urban driving). All driving prescriptions
contained in this

Appendix will be applied for the CO2 measurement.

 

6.2. Definition

 

6.2.1. Reference mass

 

Mass of the vehicle in running order less the uniform
mass of the

driver of 75 kg and increased by a uniform mass of 100
kg.

 

6.3. Dynamometer adjustments

 

6.3.1. The load and inertia adjustments of the
dynamometer are

determined as defined in Annex III to Directive
91/441/EEC with the

exception of point 5.1 and Appendix II, point 3.3.1.

 

6.3.2. For the purpose of the determination of CO2
emissions and the

related fuel consumption, the inertia weight used to
adjust the

dynamometer will be chosen as follows:

 

>>>> ID="2">RW & le; 480>
ID="3">3,8> ID="4">455>>>
ID="2">480 <  RW

& le; 540> ID="3">4,1>
ID="4">510>>> ID="2">540 <  RW & le; 595>

ID="3">4,3>
ID="4">570>>> ID="2">595 <  RW & le; 650>
ID="3">4,5>

ID="4">625>>>
ID="2">650 <  RW &
le; 710>  ID="3">4,7>
ID="4">680>>>

ID="2">710 <  RW & le; 765> ID="3">4,9>
ID="4">740>>> ID="2">765 <  RW

& le; 850> ID="3">5,1>
ID="4">800>>> ID="2">850 <  RW & le; 965>

ID="3">5,6>
ID="4">910>>> ID="2">965 <  RW & le; 1 080>
ID="3">6,0>

ID="4">1 020>>>  ID="2">1 080 <  RW & le; 1 190>
ID="3">6,3> ID="4">1

130>>> ID="2">1 190 <  RW & le; 1 305>
ID="3">6,7> ID="4">1 250>>>

ID="2">1 305 <  RW & le; 1 420> ID="3">7,0>
ID="4">1 360>>> ID="2">1

420 <  RW &
le; 1 530> ID="3">7,3> ID="4">1 470>>>
ID="2">1 530  <  RW

& le; 1 640> ID="3">7,5>
ID="4">1 590>>> ID="2">1 640 <  RW & le; 1

760> ID="3">7,8> ID="4">1
700>>> ID="2">1 760 < 
RW & le; 1 870>

ID="3">8,1> ID="4">1
810>>> ID="2">1 870 < 
RW & le; 1 980>

ID="3">8,4> ID="4">1
930>>> ID="2">1 980 < 
RW & le; 2  100>

ID="3">8,6> ID="4">2
040>>> ID="2">2 100 < 
RW & le; 2 210>

ID="3">8,8> ID="4">2
150>>> ID="2">2 210 < 
RW & le; 2 380>

ID="3">9,0> ID="4">2
270>>> ID="2">2 380 < 
RW & le; 2 610>

ID="3">9,4> ID="4">2
270>>> ID="2">2 610 
ID="3">9,8> 
ID="4">2 270>>>

 

If the corresponding equivalent inertia is not available
on the

dynamometer, the bigger value closest to the vehicle
reference mass

will be used.

 

6.3.3. When using the alternative method for the setting
of the

dynamometer, the brake is adjusted in accordance with the
values of Pa

listed in the above table.

 

6.4. Calculation of emissions

 

6.4.1. General provisions

 

6.4.1.1. Emissions of gaseous pollutants are calculated
by means of

the following equation:

 

where:

 

Mi = mass emission of the pollutant i in grams per
kilometre;

 

Vmix = volume of the diluted exhaust gas expressed in
litres per

test and corrected to standard conditions (273,2 K and
101,33 kPa);

 

Qi = density of the pollutant i in grams per litre at
normal

temperature and pressure (273,2 K and 101,33 kPa);

 

Ci = concentration of the pollutant i in the diluted
exhaust gas

expressed in ppm and corrected by the amount of the
pollutant i

contained in the dilution air. If Ci is expressed in %
volume, 10 6

factor is replaced by 10 2;

 

d = driven distance during the operating cycle in km.

 

6.4.1.2. Volume determination

 

6.4.1.2.1. Calculation of the volume when a variable
dilution device

with constant flow control by orifice or venturi is used.
Record

continuously the parameters showing the volumetric flow,
and calculate

the total volume for the duration of the test.

 

6.4.1.2.2. Calculation of volume when a positive
displacement pump

is used. The volume of diluted exhaust gas in systems
comprising a

positive displacement pump is calculated with the
following formula:

 

V = Vo + N

 

where:

 

V = volume of the diluted exhaust gas expressed in litres
per test

(prior to correction);

 

Vo = volume of gas delivered by the positive displacement
pump on

testing conditions in litres per revolution;

 

N = number of revolutions per test.

 

6.4.1.2.3. Correction of the diluted exhaust-gas volume
to standard

conditions. The diluted exhaust-gas volume is corrected
by means of

the following formula:

 

in which:

 

where:

 

Pp = absolute pressure at the inlet to the positive
displacement

pump in kPa;

 

Tp = average temperature of the diluted exhaust gas
entering the

positive displacement pump during the test (K).

 

6.4.1.3. Calculation of the corrected concentration of
pollutants in

the sampling bag

 

where:

 

Ci = concentration of the pollutant i in the diluted
exhaust gas,

expressed in ppm or % volume and corrected by the amount
of i

contained in the dilution air;

 

Ce = measured concentration of pollutant i in the diluted
exhaust

gas, expressed in ppm, or % volume;

 

Cd = measured concentration of pollutant i in the air
used for

dilution, expressed in ppm, or % volume;

 

DF = dilution factor.

 

The dilution factor is calculated as follows:

 

where:

 

CCO2 = concentration of CO2 in the diluted exhaust gas
contained in

the sampling bag, expressed in % volume;

 

CHC = concentration of HC in the diluted exhaust gas
contained in

the sampling bag, expressed in ppm carbon equivalent;

 

CCO = concentration of CO in the diluted exhaust gas
contained in

the sampling bag, expressed in ppm.

 

6.4.1.4. Example

 

6.4.1.4.1. Data

 

6.4.1.4.1.1. Ambient conditions:

 

ambient temperature: 23 °C = 296,2 °K,

 

barometric pressure: PB = 101,33 kPa.

 

6.4.1.4.1.2. Volume measured and reduced to standard
conditions

 

V = 51 961 l

 

6.4.1.4.1.3. Analyser readings:

 

>>>> ID="2">HC (3)>
ID="3">92 ppm> ID="4">3,0 ppm>>>
ID="2">CO>

ID="3">470 ppm> ID="4">0
ppm>>> ID="2">CO2> ID="3">1,6 %
volume>

ID="4">0,03 % volume>>>>

 

>

 

6.4.1.4.2. Calculation

 

6.4.1.4.2.1. Dilution factor (DF) (see formula 5)

 

DF = 8,091

 

6.4.1.4.2.2. Calculation of the corrected concentration
of

pollutants in the sampling bag:

 

HC mass emissions (see formulae 4 and 1)

 

CO mass emissions (see formula 1)

 

CO2 mass emissions (see formula 1)

 

6.4.2. Special provisions relating to vehicles equipped
with

compression ignition engines

 

HC measurements for compression-ignition engines

 

The average HC concentration used in determining the HC
mass

emissions from compression-ignition engines is calculated
with the aid

of the following formula:

 

where:

 

= integral of the recording of the heated FID over the
test duration

(t2   t1);

 

Ce = HC concentration of the diluted exhaust sample as
calculated

from the integrated HC trace, in ppm carbon equivalent.

 

6.5. Interpretation of the results

 

6.5.1. The CO2 value adopted as the type-approval value
shall be the

value declared by the manufacturer if the value measured
by the

technical service does not exceed the declared value by
more than 4 %.

The measured value can be lower without any  limitations.

 

6.5.2. If the measured value of CO2 exceeds the
manufacturer's

declared CO2 value by more than 4 %, then another test is
run on the

same vehicle.

 

When the average of the two test results does not exceed
the

manufacturer's declared value by more than 4 %, then the
value

declared by the manufacturer is taken as the
type-approval value.

 

6.5.3. If the average still exceeds the declared value by
more than

4 %, a final test is run on the same vehicle.

 

The average of the three test results is taken as the
type-approval

value.

 

7. CALCULATION OF FUEL CONSUMPTIONS

 

7.1. The fuel consumptions are calculated from the
emissions of

hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
calculated in

accordance with paragraph 6.

 

7.2. The fuel consumptions expressed in litres per 100 km
are

calculated using the following formulae:

 

(a) for petrol-engined vehicles:

 

(b) for diesel-engined vehicles:

 

where:

 

FC = fuel consumption in litres per 100 km;

 

HC = measured emission of hydrocarbon in g/km;

 

CO = measured emission of carbon monoxide in g/km;

 

CO2 = measured emission of carbon dioxide in g/km;

 

D = density of the test fuel.

 

8. AMENDMENTS TO APPROVALS

 

8.1. In the case of amendments to approvals granted
pursuant to this

Directive the provisions of Article 5 of Directive
70/156/EEC shall

apply.

 

9. CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION FOR CO2 EMISSIONS

 

9.1. As a general rule, measures to ensure the conformity
of

production with regard to CO2 emissions from vehicles is
checked on

the basis of the description in the type-approval
certificate set out

in Annex II to this Directive and in accordance with  the provisions

of Article 10 of Directive 70/156/EEC.

 

If the authority is not satisfied with the auditing procedure
of the

manufacturer, then points 2.4.2 and 2.4.3 of Annex X to
Directive

70/156/EEC shall apply.

 

9.1.1. If a vehicle type has had one or several
extensions, the

tests will be carried out on the vehicle(s) described in
the

information package which accompanied the first
type-approval

application.

 

9.1.1.1. Conformity of the vehicle for the CO2 test.

 

9.1.1.1.1. Three vehicles are randomly taken in the
series and are

tested as described in paragraph 6 of this Annex.

 

9.1.1.1.2. If the authority is satisfied with the
production

standard deviation given by the manufacturer, according
to Annex X to

Directive 70/156/EEC, the tests are carried out according
to point 9.2

of this Annex.

 

If the authority is not satisfied with the production
standard

deviation given by the manufacturer according to Annex X
to Directive

70/156/EEC, the tests are carried out according to point
9.3 of this

Annex.

 

9.1.1.1.3. The production of a series is regarded as
conforming or

non-conforming, on the basis of tests on the three
sampled vehicles,

once a pass or fail decision is re